Background: Neuropathic pain is one of the most important CHRONIC and pathological problems that can cause disruptions in human life. Some studies indicated that the release of inflammatory cytokines and increased oxidative activity can increase nerve damage. Adalimumab is a human anti-monoclonal drug that can cause therapeutic effects in different diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effects of adalimumab in the CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY ((CCI)) experimental pain model in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 male Wistar rats were utilized in this study and were randomly assigned to four groups: the first group served as the control, the second group underwent (CCI), the third group received (CCI) in conjunction with adalimumab (5 mg/kg), and the fourth group received (CCI) with adalimumab (10 mg/kg). Behavioral assessments were conducted 4, 7, and 14 days post-(CCI) induction. The spinal cords were extracted after these assessments, and the supernatants were analyzed for inflammatory and oxidative enzymes. Data analysis was performed using Prism GraphPad statistical software. Results: The analysis of the obtained data indicated that the injection of adalimumab in the third and fourth groups decreased the activity of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP. In addition, it decreased the activity of MDA and increased the SOD and CAT enzymes. Moreover, adalimumab significantly improved the outcomes of thermal allodynia, mechanical allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia in the (CCI) rats treated with this medication. Conclusion: The administration of adalimumab can be used to treat or reduce neuropathic pain with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, along with neuroprotective effects.

Background: Portulaca Oleracea is a medicinal plant with many effects including analgesic and antiinflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract of Portulaca Olerecea on (CCI) model of neuropathic pain (Bennet & Xie model) and acute thermal pain induced by Tail Flick. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Sensitivity to mechanical stimuli (mechanical allodynia) and noxious thermal stimuli were evaluated by Von Frey filaments and Tail Flick, respectively. In neuropathic pain studies, animals were randomly assigned to five groups of sham, (CCI), two groups subjected to (CCI) and injected with extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, i. p. ) and a group subjected to (CCI) and injected with normal saline. In these groups, mechanical allodynia was assessed on day 7 after surgery. In acute pain studies, animals were divided to three groups of a group that received normal saline and two groups that received extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, i. p. ). In these groups, Tail Flick was measured 30 minutes after normal saline or extract administration. Data were analyzed by SPSS and appropriate statistical tests. Results: All of the rats that had experienced (CCI), exhibited mechanical allodynia after neuropathy. Portulaca oleracea could reduce the development of mechanical allodynia after (CCI) at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. Thermal acute pain was reduced by 400 mg/kg of the extract. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Portulaca Oleracea extract can reduce behavioral symptoms of neuropathic and acute pain.

In this study the behavioral effects of sectioning the saphenous nerve at the time of application of the loose ligature and the effect of a selective a1-adrenergic antagonist for two weeks after tying ligatures was examined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Animals were divided into six groups: Sham-operated, sciatic nerve ligation ((CCI)), saphenous nerve section (Saph), (CCI)+Saph, (CCI) with IP injection of prazocin ((CCI)+Pra) and (CCI)+Saph with IP injection of prazocin ((CCI)+Saph+Pra). Two weeks after induction of neuropathy, animals tested for thermal allodynia, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and mechanical hyperalgesia. Animals that underwent (CCI) all had signs of the neuropathic pain. The group (CCI)+saphenoctomy showed analgesia except in mechanical allodynia. Injection of prazocin in (CCI) group relieved thermal allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia, but had no effect on mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Injection of prazosin to (CCI)+Saph group only relieved mechanical allodynia as compare to (CCI)+Saph. Meanwhile, comparison between (CCI)+Saph+Pra with (CCI)+Pra showed a significant increase in thermal allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia and (CCI) group showed a relief in mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia and thermal allodynia. It may be hypothesized that the hyperesthesia of the sciatic territory, as induced by a1-adrenergic antagonists, could mediate saphenous collateral sprouts that invade a partially-denervated territory.

Background and Aims: CHRONIC neuropathic pain caused by damage or disturbance of the functioning of the somatosensory system is one of the major health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of umbelliprenin (UMB) on the symptoms of neuropathic pain in CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY model ((CCI)) of neuropathy in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: 24 Wistar rats (250±20 g) were randomly divided into three groups: sham, (CCI) and (CCI)+UMB (100 mg/rat) groups. UMB was injected intrathecaly one day before surgery, and three days after surgery. Von Frey and Hot-Plate tests were performed one day before surgery and on days 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 after surgery. The results were reported as mean and SEM (p<0.05 was considered statistically significant).Results: The results of the von Frey and Hotplate test showed the development of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia after CHRONIC CONSTRICTION of the sciatic nerve, in injured hind paw. Pre-emptive treatment of umbelliprenin with a dose of 100 mg/rat has been able to prevent the induction of allodynia and hyperalgesia (p<0.05). This effect was more prominence in preventing of hyperalgesia.Conclusion: Pre-emptive Intrathecal injection of umbelliprenin could prevent the development of behavioral symptoms of neuropathic pain in rats. This effect is probably due to the anti-inflammatory effect of umbelliprenin.

Introduction: According to studies, statins possess analgesics and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we examined the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of rosuvastatin in an experimental model of CHRONIC CONSTRICTION INJURY ((CCI)).Methods: Our study was conducted on four groups; sham, (CCI) (the control group), (CCI)+rosuvastatin (i.p.5 mg/kg), and (CCI)+rosuvastatin (i.p.10 mg/kg). We performed heat hyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia tests on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st after inducing (CCI). Blood samples were collected to measure the serum levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) -a, and Interleukin (IL) -6. Rats’ spinal cords were also examined to measure tissue concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) enzymes.Results: Our findings showed that (CCI) resulted in significant increase in heat hyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia on the 7th, 14th and 21st day. Rosuvastatin use attenuated the (CCI)-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia. Rosuvastatin use also resulted in reduction of TNF-a, IL-6, and MDA levels. However, rosuvastatin therapy increased the concentration of SOD and GPx in the (CCI)+Ros (5 mg/kg) and the (CCI)+Ros (10 mg/kg) groups compared to the (CCI) group.Conclusion: Rosuvastatin attenuated the (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain and inflammation. Thus, antinociceptive effects of rosuvastatin might be channeled through inhibition of inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant properties.